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It is all this information that is valued by computer programmers and IT department associates when making efforts to track and stop SPAM email message. The lines also indicate if the email address was part of an email list. They also provide the date and time of each transfer. As the example shows, these Received: lines provide the email and IP address of each sender and recipient. These Received: lines provide information on where the message originated and what stops it made (what computers) before reaching its final destination. This is because every MTA that processed the email message added a Received: line to the email's header. Reading from the bottom upwards, you can see who sent the message first, next and last, and you can see when it was done. In the example shown above, there are three Received: stamps. Received: from ()īy .uk with esmtp id 19OjBy-0001lb-3V When viewed in their entirety, these multiple recipient headers will look like this in an email: Received: from .uk ( ident=yalrla9a1j69szla2ydr)īy .uk with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #2)id 19OjC3-00064B-00 In this case the stamp is an email header. In a way it is much like the same way the post office would route a letter: every time the letter passes through a post office on its route, or if it is forwarded on, it will receive a stamp. This is why some emails, if they have had several destinations, may have several RECEIVED headers: there have been multiple recipients since the origination of the email. Each time an email is sent or forwarded by the MTA, it is stamped with a date, time and recipient. When an email is sent from one computer to another it travels through a MTA. As mentioned earlier, mail transfer agents (MTA) facilitate email transfers.

Subject: whatever text the sender entered in the Subject heading before sendingīesides the most common identifications (from, to, date, subject), email headers also provide information on the route an email takes as it is transferred from one computer to another.

From: sender's name and email address (IP address here also, but hidden).

Here is a breakdown of the most commonly used and viewed headers, and their values: Looking at the above, you can tell some of the KEY:VALUE pairs used. Header CharacteristicsĪ single email header has some important characteristics, including perhaps the most important part of an email - this is the KEY:VALUE pairs contained in the header. Those headers that we most often see and recognize are bolded in the above example. * email headers should always be read from bottom to top.įortunately, most of this information is hidden inside the email with only the most relevant or mandatory headers appearing to the user.

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User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows U Windows NT 5.1 en-US rv:1.0.1) Gecko/20020823 Netscape/7.0Ĭontent-Type: text/plain charset=us-ascii format=flowed

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Received: from (HELO dc.edu)īy fe3.dc.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.1.8)

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Here is an example of a full email header*: Return-Path: To really understand what an email header is, you must see one. This date/time stamp, like FROM, TO, and SUBJECT, becomes one of the many headers that precede the body of an email.

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when it is sent or forwarded), the message is date/time stamped by a mail transfer agent (MTA) - a computer program or software agent that facilitates the transfer of email message from one computer to another. In other words, any time a message is transferred from one user to another (i.e. Other headers include the sending time stamps and the receiving time stamps of all mail transfer agents that have received and sent the message. Others are optional, but very commonly used, such as SUBJECT and CC. Some headers are mandatory, such as the FROM, TO and DATE headers. In an e-mail, the body (content text) is always preceded by header lines that identify particular routing information of the message, including the sender, recipient, date and subject.

The header(s), the third component of an email, is perhaps a little more difficult to explain, though it is arguably the most interesting part of an email.

The body is the part that we always see as it is the actual content of the message contained in the email.

The envelope is something that an email user will never see since it is part of the internal process by which an email is routed. An email consists of three vital components: the envelope, the header(s), and the body of the message.